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Optimizing Women’s Health Through the Menstrual Stages

By: Monika Mehrens, DO, April 22, 2025

Health is not just the absence of disease—it’s energy, vitality, focus, resilience, and joy.
While biomarkers like cholesterol or glucose provide important insights, our experience of health is deeply personal and evolves throughout life—especially for women. As we transition through the stages of our menstrual lives—from cycling to perimenopause and menopause—our physiology shifts in profound ways that influence not just reproductive health but our brains, bones, hearts, muscles, and metabolism.

📅 On May 4th, I’ll be hosting a community talk focused on how women can optimize their health and longevity through the menstrual stages. Whether you’re in your 30s and starting to notice subtle shifts, or postmenopausal and wondering how to protect your brain and bones, this talk is designed to offer clarity, strategy, and support.


Understanding the Stages

Cycling Years (Teens to 30s/40s)

During this time, our ovaries are the primary producers of estrogen and progesterone—hormones that regulate everything from mood and libido to bone strength and metabolism. The menstrual cycle is a window into our overall health, and learning to align lifestyle practices (like training, fasting, or eating patterns) with these hormonal rhythms can lead to profound physical and mental benefits.


Perimenopause (Mid-30s to 40s)

Perimenopause is often misunderstood, misdiagnosed, or overlooked altogether. It can start 5–10 years before menopause, and it’s marked by chaotic hormone fluctuations—especially a drop in progesterone while estrogen spikes and dips unpredictably.
This phase can bring:

  • Mood swings

  • Insomnia

  • Weight gain

  • Anxiety

  • Fatigue

  • Brain fog

—all signs of the body recalibrating its hormonal landscape.

Interestingly, age 44 has been identified as a critical cellular turning point for both women and men—often associated with accelerated biological aging. During this stage, building resilience through lifestyle interventions is key:

  • Strength training

  • Protein-rich nutrition

  • Stress management

  • Toxin avoidance

  • (For some) Hormone therapy


Menopause (12+ Months Without a Cycle)

In menopause, estrogen and progesterone stay consistently low. While this is a natural life stage, it comes with risks:

  • Decreased bone density (osteopenia)

  • Muscle loss (sarcopenia)

  • Increased insulin resistance

  • Higher risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease

But the good news is—these risks are modifiable. With the right tools—movement, mindfulness, targeted nutrition, and potentially hormone replacement therapy (HRT)—women can thrive in this phase and beyond.


Rethinking Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

For years, women were told to avoid HRT based on flawed data from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study published in 2002. That study:

  • Used the wrong population (average age 63)

  • Used the wrong hormones (oral synthetic versions)

  • Missed nuance in age, delivery method, and hormone type

As a result, many women were left untreated during one of the most transformative phases of their lives.

But times are changing. We’re now entering a new era:

Menopause 3.0—a time to treat women based on the latest evidence.

Studies now show that early, individualized HRT can:

  • Improve joint pain and muscle mass

  • Support brain function and insulin sensitivity

  • Reduce cardiovascular and metabolic risk

  • Improve bone health

  • Even lower the risk of breast cancer

When started at the right time, HRT is not just about symptom relief—it’s a strategy for whole-body health preservation and aging gracefully.


The Foundation: Lifestyle First

No matter the stage, one thing remains true:

Health optimization starts with how we live.

  • Strength training is essential. Skeletal muscle is a powerful predictor of longevity and the secret sauce to aging well.

  • Metabolic health must be monitored and supported—especially during hormonal shifts as we become more insulin resistant due to the lack of estrogen.

  • Toxins and inflammation are silent disruptors of hormonal balance and should be minimized.

  • Sleep, stress, and mindfulness aren’t luxuries—they’re core pillars of resilience.

  • Supplements like magnesium glycinate, Vitamin D3 (with or without K2), creatine, and methylated B vitamins may also play a role, depending on your individual needs.


Let’s Talk Hormones—Together

I invite you to join me for a deeper exploration of these topics at my upcoming community talk:

“Optimizing Health for Women Through the Menstrual Stages”

📍 Ashland Library
📅 May 4, 2025
🕒 9:30 AM to Noon
📞 RSVP: https://ashlandstrengthstudio.com/perimenopause-event
📲 Instagram: @optimizehealthdoc and @northwestwellness.or


You’ll walk away with actionable insights, a better understanding of your body, and the tools to take charge of your health journey—no matter your age or stage.

Because women are not small men.
We are beautiful, complex, cyclical beings.
And with knowledge, we can thrive.